UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA MINYAK ATSIRI DAN EKSTRAK METANOL LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga)

Yuharmen*, Yum Eryanti, Nurbalatif
Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Riau
Diterima 6-1-2002 Disetujui 10-2-2002

ABSTRACT

Many kinds of spice plants grow in Indonesia. One of them is Galangale (Alpinia galanga). This spice is used as not only for cooking, but also as traditional medicine. The determination of antimicrobial activity from its essential oil and methanol extracs is described in this report. Galangale essential oil can retain the growth of the Bacillus subtilis bactery at the consentration of 6% with the inhibition diameter 9 mm. At the concentration of 8% can retain the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteries with the inhibition diameter 10 mm and 7 mm respectively. Galangale essential oil gives active respons toward Neurospora sp and Penicillium sp at the concentration of 8% and the inhibition diameter 9 mm and 7 mm respectively. On the other hand, its is inactive toward Escherichia coli bactery and Rhizopus sp. mold. Among eight methanol extract fractions F4 fraction shows the highest activity. The inhibition diameter of F4 fraction toward Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis bacteries are 13 mm, 11 mm and 12 mm respectively. Fractions of F1, F2, F3, and F4 are very active toward Rhizopus sp with the inhibition diameter 15 mm, 19 mm, 17 mm and 17 mm respectively. Methanol extract fractions are inactive toward Penicillium sp. Otherwise, the fraction of F1, F4, F5, and F6 have lower activities than that of Neurospora sp, except F7 fraction which has an inhibition diameter area of 18 mm.

Keywords: Alpinia galanga, antimicrobial, essential oil, substitution

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